Works Cited
Carnagie, Julie L., ed. Renaissance and Reformation Reference Library. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print. This section of Renaissance and Reformation Reference Library, edited by Julie L. Carnagie, Peggy Saari, and Aaron Saari, described French King Francis I's contribution to French Art and Culture through his patronage of Italian Artists, his expansion of the Royal Libraries, and his interest in occult sciences. During his rule Francis I is shown as a major supporter of Italian Arts. He invited Leonardo da Vinci to move to France in 1515, then gave him in the Manor of Cloux in which to live. Many of da Vinci’s famous works, including the “Mona Lisa”, were added to Francis I’s collection. Francis I also purchased works from several other Italian masters, including Michelangelo, Raphael, and Titian. During his rule Francis I renovated several palaces including the Louvre which was later converted into an art museum. Francis I art collection was the base for the Louvre’s collection. In this section Francis I was described as “pere de lettres” (father of letters). During his rule Francis I’s expansion of the Blois and Fontainebleau Libraries was the beginning of the modern Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris. Francis I is also shown in the section as having an interest in occult sciences, alchemy, astrology, and Kabbalah. Francis I’s interest spurred him to create royal professorships. Originally there were only four positions but Francis I continually added more. This was the beginning of the College de France.
The information provided was useful as well as organized. The section provides the readers Francis I’s contributions to the development of several famous French cultural institution. The information given is useful because it relates Francis I’s life to the Modern Era. It goes in depth in each subject but still keeps the writing light and not dry. Having each paragraph devoted to a different contribution of Francis I’s made the section easy to understand.
Carson, Thomas, and Mary Bonk. "New France." Gale Virtual Reference Library. Vol. 2. Detroit: n.p., 2000. N. pag. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 8 Nov. 2013. <http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX3406400641&v=2.1&u=balt82221&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w&asid=072298a5b3ea067ba847b617cff931ab>. This source gives my group an early background of France, and it goes into the specific time period that we are supposed to be studying, therefore making it very useful to my group. It has information on New France, and what became of it during colonial times, and that will help us get a better understanding of what became of France.
"Louis XIV." Encyclopedia of World Biography. 2nd ed. Vol. 9. Detroit: Gale, 2004. 531-33. Print. The life of Louis XIV of France. Debatably the greatest king France ever saw. He was known as The Sun King. His lack of care for the outcome for his country after his rule is considered by some to be one of the reasons for the eventual fall of the French Monarchy.
This source is great for the the leader question.
"The Rise of Monarchies: France, England, and Spain." Renaissance and Reformation Reference Library. Ed. Julie L. Carnagie and Aaron Saari. Vol. 1. Detroit: UXL, 2002. 90-103. Print. In 1337 Edward III, grandson of Philip the Fair of France through his mother's line challenged his cousin (or was it uncle once removed?), Philip IV for the thrown of France, ignoring Slavic Law which states that a thrown can only pass through the male line. His uncle-once-removed was not a direct descended and therefore did not have a proper claim to the thrown as well. This lead to the hundred years war between England and France over the thrown of france
Sauerlander, Willibald. "The Riddle of the French Renaissance." SIRS. New York: Nyrev, 1997. 47-+. SIRS. Web. 8 Nov. 2013. <http://sks.sirs.com/cgi-bin/hst-article-display?id=SMD0541-0-6188&artno=0000064618&&shfilter=U&key=France%20in%20the%20Renaissance&title=The%20Riddle%20of%20the%20French%20Renaissance&res=Y&ren=Y&gov=Y&lnk=Y&ic=N>. This article gives my group an overview of the general ideas and things that happened in France in the time period that we are supposed to be studying. It goes into detail about french art and the traditions that the artists in France at the time followed. The article will help my group get information to answer the six questions that were assigned to us.
Streissguth, Tom. "Bourbon Dynasty." The Greenhaven Encyclopedia of The Renaissance. Ed. Konrad Eisenbichler. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. 50-51. Print. This source provides information about both the Bourbon Dynasty and the Huguenots (Protestant) - Catholic civil war in France. The Bourbon dynasty first came into power through a political marriage. The Prince of Navarre was a Huguenot and the Royal family believed that a marriage between the princesse (she was not next in line for the throne) and a Huguenot would cool rising Catholic - Protestant tensions. This however had the opposite effect, leading to the murder of many Protestants by Catholics in 1572 Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre. Shortly thereafter Henry converted to Catholicism. In 1576 Prince Henry III of Navarre Declared himself to be a Huguenot again. In 1584 the King's younger brother died, leaving Henry next in line for the thrown. After the assassination of the King in 1589 Henry III of Navarre became King Henry the IV of France; the first bourbon king. The Catholics revolted. King Henry IV won in battle in 1590 but could not capture Paris. In 1594, he converted to Catholicism once again, famously stating that "Paris is well worth a Mass." In 1598 King Henry IV passed the Edict of Nantes which formally stated that Catholicism was the official religion of France, but Huguenots were to be tolerated. With the civil war at a close France was now the most powerful of all the European Empires. Henry and Louis XIII grew France and her military and the Bourbon Dynasty prospered. It was not until King Louis XIV dragged france into several wars including a war over the rulership of Spain, severally weakening the French Armed Forced, that the nobles of France stared to loose power. A definite date to the start of the decline would 1685 when King Louis XIV revoked Edict of Nantes, causing the mass exudes of Protestants from the north of France. This lead to problems within the French economy. The inevitable happened under the reign of Louis XVI. The people revolted and the king lost his head.
This is a great source for my group because it talks about how to be a good leader (Henry IV) and a bad leader (Louis XVI). It even has a plethera of information on relations with religious minorities at the time.
- - -. "France." Gale Virtual Reference Library. Detroit: Greenhavean, 2008. 131-33. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 8 Nov. 2013. <http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX3205500133&v=2.1&u=balt82221&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w&asid=eb6faad647825de5c4aa5d3cf6e1b526>. This source helps my group because it provides general information about different topics about France. It gives a general idea about alot of things, and it will help us understand the topics a little more. It covers alot of the material that our group needs in order to give us a better understanding of France in our time period.
- - -. "France." Greenhaven Encyclopedia of The Renaissance. Ed. Konrad Eisenbichler. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. 131-33. Print. Greenhaven Encyclodia. This section of The Greenhaven Encyclopedia of The Renaissance gave an overview of Renaissance France by describing rulers, art, architecture, and explorations. The author, Tom Streissguth, began the entry by describing France’s weakened state after the Hundred Years War as well as France’s military campaigns in Italy. These campaigns exposed France to Italian ideas. Streissguth then lead into a brief section about the popularity of Ecclesiastical Art and Gothic Architecture in Renaissance France. After Streissguth discussed several well known French Kings, Francis I, Henry II, and Henry IV. In Francis I’s rule Italian Art and Culture were brought to France from military campaigns. Also French explorer Jean Cartier’s claimed Canada during the rule of Francis I. Religious strife between Protestants and Catholics tore through France during the rule of Henry II. Streissguth then segued into the Bourbon Dynasty beginning with Henry IV. During his rule Streissguth described architectural innovation such as the building of the famous palaces such as the Louvre and the bridge Pont Neuf, as well as the shift from Paris being a Medieval City to a Renaissance Capital.
While the information in this piece useful it was not organized well. The entry jumped from the beginning of Renaissance France, to French Art and Architecture, to French Kings, to Jacques Cartier, and back to architecture with little correlation. Also Streissguth only scratched the surface, supplying minimal information. This made reading and understanding it difficult.
Carnagie, Julie L., ed. Renaissance and Reformation Reference Library. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print. This section of Renaissance and Reformation Reference Library, edited by Julie L. Carnagie, Peggy Saari, and Aaron Saari, described French King Francis I's contribution to French Art and Culture through his patronage of Italian Artists, his expansion of the Royal Libraries, and his interest in occult sciences. During his rule Francis I is shown as a major supporter of Italian Arts. He invited Leonardo da Vinci to move to France in 1515, then gave him in the Manor of Cloux in which to live. Many of da Vinci’s famous works, including the “Mona Lisa”, were added to Francis I’s collection. Francis I also purchased works from several other Italian masters, including Michelangelo, Raphael, and Titian. During his rule Francis I renovated several palaces including the Louvre which was later converted into an art museum. Francis I art collection was the base for the Louvre’s collection. In this section Francis I was described as “pere de lettres” (father of letters). During his rule Francis I’s expansion of the Blois and Fontainebleau Libraries was the beginning of the modern Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris. Francis I is also shown in the section as having an interest in occult sciences, alchemy, astrology, and Kabbalah. Francis I’s interest spurred him to create royal professorships. Originally there were only four positions but Francis I continually added more. This was the beginning of the College de France.
The information provided was useful as well as organized. The section provides the readers Francis I’s contributions to the development of several famous French cultural institution. The information given is useful because it relates Francis I’s life to the Modern Era. It goes in depth in each subject but still keeps the writing light and not dry. Having each paragraph devoted to a different contribution of Francis I’s made the section easy to understand.
Carson, Thomas, and Mary Bonk. "New France." Gale Virtual Reference Library. Vol. 2. Detroit: n.p., 2000. N. pag. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 8 Nov. 2013. <http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX3406400641&v=2.1&u=balt82221&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w&asid=072298a5b3ea067ba847b617cff931ab>. This source gives my group an early background of France, and it goes into the specific time period that we are supposed to be studying, therefore making it very useful to my group. It has information on New France, and what became of it during colonial times, and that will help us get a better understanding of what became of France.
"Louis XIV." Encyclopedia of World Biography. 2nd ed. Vol. 9. Detroit: Gale, 2004. 531-33. Print. The life of Louis XIV of France. Debatably the greatest king France ever saw. He was known as The Sun King. His lack of care for the outcome for his country after his rule is considered by some to be one of the reasons for the eventual fall of the French Monarchy.
This source is great for the the leader question.
"The Rise of Monarchies: France, England, and Spain." Renaissance and Reformation Reference Library. Ed. Julie L. Carnagie and Aaron Saari. Vol. 1. Detroit: UXL, 2002. 90-103. Print. In 1337 Edward III, grandson of Philip the Fair of France through his mother's line challenged his cousin (or was it uncle once removed?), Philip IV for the thrown of France, ignoring Slavic Law which states that a thrown can only pass through the male line. His uncle-once-removed was not a direct descended and therefore did not have a proper claim to the thrown as well. This lead to the hundred years war between England and France over the thrown of france
Sauerlander, Willibald. "The Riddle of the French Renaissance." SIRS. New York: Nyrev, 1997. 47-+. SIRS. Web. 8 Nov. 2013. <http://sks.sirs.com/cgi-bin/hst-article-display?id=SMD0541-0-6188&artno=0000064618&&shfilter=U&key=France%20in%20the%20Renaissance&title=The%20Riddle%20of%20the%20French%20Renaissance&res=Y&ren=Y&gov=Y&lnk=Y&ic=N>. This article gives my group an overview of the general ideas and things that happened in France in the time period that we are supposed to be studying. It goes into detail about french art and the traditions that the artists in France at the time followed. The article will help my group get information to answer the six questions that were assigned to us.
Streissguth, Tom. "Bourbon Dynasty." The Greenhaven Encyclopedia of The Renaissance. Ed. Konrad Eisenbichler. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. 50-51. Print. This source provides information about both the Bourbon Dynasty and the Huguenots (Protestant) - Catholic civil war in France. The Bourbon dynasty first came into power through a political marriage. The Prince of Navarre was a Huguenot and the Royal family believed that a marriage between the princesse (she was not next in line for the throne) and a Huguenot would cool rising Catholic - Protestant tensions. This however had the opposite effect, leading to the murder of many Protestants by Catholics in 1572 Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre. Shortly thereafter Henry converted to Catholicism. In 1576 Prince Henry III of Navarre Declared himself to be a Huguenot again. In 1584 the King's younger brother died, leaving Henry next in line for the thrown. After the assassination of the King in 1589 Henry III of Navarre became King Henry the IV of France; the first bourbon king. The Catholics revolted. King Henry IV won in battle in 1590 but could not capture Paris. In 1594, he converted to Catholicism once again, famously stating that "Paris is well worth a Mass." In 1598 King Henry IV passed the Edict of Nantes which formally stated that Catholicism was the official religion of France, but Huguenots were to be tolerated. With the civil war at a close France was now the most powerful of all the European Empires. Henry and Louis XIII grew France and her military and the Bourbon Dynasty prospered. It was not until King Louis XIV dragged france into several wars including a war over the rulership of Spain, severally weakening the French Armed Forced, that the nobles of France stared to loose power. A definite date to the start of the decline would 1685 when King Louis XIV revoked Edict of Nantes, causing the mass exudes of Protestants from the north of France. This lead to problems within the French economy. The inevitable happened under the reign of Louis XVI. The people revolted and the king lost his head.
This is a great source for my group because it talks about how to be a good leader (Henry IV) and a bad leader (Louis XVI). It even has a plethera of information on relations with religious minorities at the time.
- - -. "France." Gale Virtual Reference Library. Detroit: Greenhavean, 2008. 131-33. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 8 Nov. 2013. <http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX3205500133&v=2.1&u=balt82221&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w&asid=eb6faad647825de5c4aa5d3cf6e1b526>. This source helps my group because it provides general information about different topics about France. It gives a general idea about alot of things, and it will help us understand the topics a little more. It covers alot of the material that our group needs in order to give us a better understanding of France in our time period.
- - -. "France." Greenhaven Encyclopedia of The Renaissance. Ed. Konrad Eisenbichler. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. 131-33. Print. Greenhaven Encyclodia. This section of The Greenhaven Encyclopedia of The Renaissance gave an overview of Renaissance France by describing rulers, art, architecture, and explorations. The author, Tom Streissguth, began the entry by describing France’s weakened state after the Hundred Years War as well as France’s military campaigns in Italy. These campaigns exposed France to Italian ideas. Streissguth then lead into a brief section about the popularity of Ecclesiastical Art and Gothic Architecture in Renaissance France. After Streissguth discussed several well known French Kings, Francis I, Henry II, and Henry IV. In Francis I’s rule Italian Art and Culture were brought to France from military campaigns. Also French explorer Jean Cartier’s claimed Canada during the rule of Francis I. Religious strife between Protestants and Catholics tore through France during the rule of Henry II. Streissguth then segued into the Bourbon Dynasty beginning with Henry IV. During his rule Streissguth described architectural innovation such as the building of the famous palaces such as the Louvre and the bridge Pont Neuf, as well as the shift from Paris being a Medieval City to a Renaissance Capital.
While the information in this piece useful it was not organized well. The entry jumped from the beginning of Renaissance France, to French Art and Architecture, to French Kings, to Jacques Cartier, and back to architecture with little correlation. Also Streissguth only scratched the surface, supplying minimal information. This made reading and understanding it difficult.